SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate)
Definition
The benchmark US dollar overnight interest rate, computed by the New York Fed as the volume-weighted median rate on overnight Treasury-collateralised repo transactions. SOFR replaced LIBOR as the global reference rate for dollar-denominated interest rate derivatives in 2023. It reflects the true cost of overnight dollar funding in the US financial system.
Live Intelligence Answer
5.0bps
Repo market volatility. High SOFR-EFFR spread indicates primary dealers are constrained and funding is tightening.
View in TerminalWhy It Matters
Stress in SOFR — a sudden spike above the Fed Funds target rate — signals dollar funding scarcity or collateral quality concerns in repo markets. This is one of the earliest indicators of plumbing-level stress before it surfaces in broader financial conditions.
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Related Concepts
Stealth QE
Liquidity injection mechanisms deployed by central banks that expand money supply without being officially labelled as Quantitative Easing. Historical examples include the Fed's Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP, March 2023 — ~$180B), unscheduled overnight repo operations in September 2019, and the ECB's Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP) extensions. The purpose is operational: inject liquidity while maintaining a hawkish public narrative.Yield Curve Control (YCC)
A monetary policy tool where a central bank commits to capping long-term interest rates at a specific level by purchasing whatever volume of bonds is necessary to maintain that cap. Japan's Bank of Japan has operated YCC since 2016, targeting 10-year JGB yields near 0%. YCC is effectively a commitment to unlimited bond purchases — a form of permanent QE when markets test the ceiling.Breakeven Inflation Rate
The market-implied expected inflation rate over a given period, derived from the yield differential between nominal Treasury bonds and Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) of the same maturity. If the 10-year nominal yield is 4.5% and the 10-year TIPS yield is 2.0%, the 10-year breakeven inflation rate is 2.5% — meaning markets expect average inflation of 2.5% per year for a decade.Track SOFR (Secured Overnight Financing Rate) live
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